:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/illo-what-can-my-pupil-eye-size-tell-me-about-my-health-342186-59b1afd322fa3a0011f43d91.png "unequal pupil size with dysfunction")
Means (± SDs) and individual values from each of the 10 subjects are plotted. ( C) Comparison of the amplitude of fundamental component between small and large artificial pupils. Note that the implicit time of the fundamental component while wearing large artificial pupil is longer than that while wearing small artificial pupil. ( B) Magnified image of fundamental components of Figure 6A. The fundamental components ( colored dotted lines) are superimposed on the reconstructed flicker ERG waveforms using the first eight harmonics ( black solid line). ( A) Representative flicker ERGs recorded from a subject while wearing soft contact lenses with small or large artificial pupils. Error bars: SEMs for the 10 subjects.Ĭomparison of flicker ERGs recorded with small (1.6 mm) versus large (5.8 mm) artificial pupils. The increase in mean implicit time at 15 through 21 minutes was statistically significant, as indicated by the asterisks ( P < 0.05, F = 17.6, df = 7). ( D) Mean implicit time of the fundamental component as a function of time after mydriatic instillation. There was no significant change in mean amplitude with time ( P > 0.1, F = 4.3, df = 7). ( C) Mean amplitude of the fundamental component as a function of time after mydriatic instillation. Note that the implicit time of fundamental components increases with time. ( B) Magnified image of fundamental component of ( A). The vertical lines indicate the center of the light flashes. The fundamental component ( dotted colored line) is superimposed on the reconstructed flicker ERG waveform using the first eight harmonics ( solid black line). ( A) Representative flicker ERGs recorded from a subject at 0, 12, and 21 minutes after the instillation of the mydriatics. ( E) Back surface of the electrode array which contains three electrodes the active (positive), reference (negative), and ground electrodes in a single adhesive tape.Ĭhanges in the flicker ERGs recorded with the RET eval system after the instillation of the mydriatics. The tape was placed on the orbital rim 2 mm from the margin of the lower eyelid.
Unequal pupil size with dysfunction skin#
( D) Special skin adhesive tape containing the electrodes (Sensor Strip). During the recording, the subject's pupillary area is automatically measured by a built-in automated pupillometer, and a constant flash retinal illuminance (Td-s) is delivered. ( C) Recording of full-field flicker ERG using the RET eval system. A small red fixation spot is provided at the center of dome ( red arrow). ( B) Small Ganzfeld dome for full-field stimuli. ( A) This system consists of a hand-held stimulator, recording, and analysis apparatus ( a), a docking station for charging and downloading results to a computer ( b), a soft eye cup that contacts the bony regions around the eye ( c), and disposable skin electrode array (Sensor Strip) to record electrical response ( d). New hand-held flicker ERG recording system (RET eval) used in this study. However, in most clinical testing situations, patients' undilated pupils will likely be sufficiently small to fall within the range for which the system delivers a stimulus of constant retinal illuminance. The results suggest that the effective retinal illuminance of the stimulus delivered by the RET eval system decreases for large pupil sizes. The second experiment showed that the implicit times of the fundamental component in the flicker ERG were significantly longer with larger artificial pupil. There was a significant positive correlation between the pupillary area and implicit time of the fundamental component ( r = 0.93, P < 0.001). The first experiment showed that as pupil size increased, the amplitudes of the fundamental component of the flicker ERG did not change significantly, but the implicit times of the fundamental component were significantly prolonged for larger pupil sizes.
Second, the flicker ERG was recorded while the subjects wore soft contact lenses with two different artificial pupil sizes. First, the flicker ERG was recorded every 3 minutes after the instillation of mydriatics. The RET eval manufacturer claims that the system delivers a constant flash retinal illuminance by adjusting the flash luminance to compensate for changes in the pupil size. We studied whether pupil size affects the flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) recorded by RET eval, a new mydriasis-free full-field flicker ERG system.
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